Circulating plasma cells (CPCs) in peripheral blood are robust and independent prognostic markers, but their detection is challenging due to their low abundance. Next-generation flow cytometry it requires expensive instruments, is costly, and time-consuming. This study introduces a straightforward surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy (SERS) assay leveraging plasmonic nanoparticles functionalized with anti-CD138 and anti-CD38 antibodies for detecting CPCs in peripheral blood samples. A portable optical device was used for signal recording, enhancing the potential for point-of-care applications. The developed assay is highly sensitive and specific, capable of detecting as few as one or two cells. The application of machine learning algorithms to SERS signal analysis yielded area under the curve values ranging from 0.90 to 0.95, demonstrating excellent performance in differentiating multiple myeloma patients from healthy donors. This SERS method provides a more sensitive and more accessible way for CPC detection, showing significant potential for multiple myeloma diagnosis, treatment monitoring, and prognosis prediction.
No relevant conflicts of interest to declare.
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